2.0 The World of the New Testament
Questions for Study 

____  #. (2.0) Understanding the writings of the New Testament is made easier because there is very little difference between the cultures of first century Palestine and late twentieth century America. 

____ #. (2.0.1.1) The imperial capital of the Roman Empire was located in which province?
             a)  Italy                        b)   Macedonia                     c) Achaia
             d)  Mysia                     e)   Asia                               f)  Galatia
             g)  Cilicia                     h)   Syria

____ #. (2.0.1.1) The city of Philippi was located in which province?
             a)  Italy                        b)   Macedonia                     c) Achaia
             d)  Mysia                     e)   Asia                               f)  Galatia
             g)  Cilicia                     h)   Syria

____ #. (2.0.1.1) The city of Athens was located in which province?
             a)  Italy                        b)   Macedonia                     c) Achaia
             d)  Mysia                     e)   Asia                               f)  Galatia
             g)  Cilicia                     h)   Syria

____ #. (2.0.1.1) The city of Corinth was located in which province?
             a)  Italy                        b)   Macedonia                     c) Achaia
             d)  Mysia                     e)   Asia                               f)  Galatia
             g)  Cilicia                     h)   Syria

____ #. (2.0.1.1) The city of Ephesus was located in which province?
             a)  Italy                        b)   Macedonia                     c) Achaia
             d)  Mysia                     e)   Asia                               f)  Galatia
             g)  Cilicia                     h)   Syria

____ #. (2.0.1.1) The province where Paul worked on the first missionary journey was?
             a)  Italy                        b)   Macedonia                     c) Achaia
             d)  Mysia                     e)   Asia                               f)  Galatia
             g)  Cilicia                     h)   Syria

____ #. (2.0.1.1) The city of Paul's birth, Tarsus, was located in which province?
             a)  Italy                        b)   Macedonia                     c) Achaia
             d)  Mysia                     e)   Asia                               f)  Galatia
             g)  Cilicia                     h)   Syria

____ #. (2.0.1.1) The city of Antioch, from which Christianity spread out into the non-Jewish world, was located in which province?
             a)  Italy                        b)   Macedonia                     c) Achaia
             d)  Mysia                     e)   Asia                               f)  Galatia
             g)  Cilicia                     h)   Syria

Using the map below and notes from class discussion, answer the following questions:

____ #. (2.0.1.2.1) Jesus was born in Bethlehem, which is located in what Roman province?
             a)  Galilee                     b)  Samaria                        c)  Judea

____ #. (2.0.1.2.1) Jesus grew up in Nazareth, which is located in what Roman province?
             a)  Galilee                     b)  Samaria                        c)  Judea

____ #. (2.0.1.2.1) Jesus carried out most all of his public ministry in what Roman province?
             a)  Galilee                     b)  Samaria                        c)  Judea

____ #. (2.0.1.2.1) The Roman province dominated by partially Jewish people was
             a)  Galilee                     b)  Samaria                        c)  Judea

____ #. (2.0.1.2.2) The principal city in the province of Judea was
             a)  Jerusalem                     b)  Bethlehem                        c)  Capernaum

____ #. (2.0.1.2.2) The city in the province of Galilee which Jesus used as home base for much of his public ministry was
             a)  Jerusalem                     b)  Bethlehem                        c)  Capernaum

____  #. (2.1.1) Who was the person who most influenced the thinking and living of people in the ancient world? 

____  #. (2.1.1) When did Alexander the Great rule? 

____  #. (2.1.1) Who was Alexander’s teacher and latter helped him Hellenize the conquered territories? 

____  #. (2.1.1) When Alexander took control after his father Philip II’s death in 336 BC, he inherited a unified kingdom that controlled all of modern Greece. 

____  #. (2.1.1.1) Alexander spent several decades of military conquest before gaining control over all of the eastern Mediterranean world. 

____ #. (2.1.1.1) How far to the eastern Mediterranean world did Alexander’s conquest extend?
          a) Just to Tarsus in Cilicia.
          b) As far as Palestine.
          c) All the way to Babylon and the western edge of modern India.
 

____ #. (2.1.1.2) What impact did Homer’s Iliad have on Alexander?
          a) Alexander read it for class but considered it boring and thus a waste of his time.
          b) Alexander thought it was interesting reading but had no importance for his life.
          c) Alexander adopted the Iliad’s ideal warrior-hero as his personal goal in life.
 

____  #. (2.1.1.2) Although Alexander had great influence on the ancient world, he has had very little influence on modern American life and thought. 

____ #. (2.1.1.2) What was Alexander’s strategy for transforming conquered territories into Greek ways of thinking and living? 

____ #. (2.1.1.2) The layout of the ancient Greek city is completely different than the way towns and cities have been designed in America. 

____ #. (2.1.1.2) The primary method Alexander used to transform conquered territories into Greek ways was
          a) Transporting all conquered peoples back to Greece until they adopted Greek ways.
          b) Executing all the adults and retraining the children to live like Greeks.
          c) the establishment of Greek cities throughout conquered territories as a source of teaching Greek culture etc. to the local people.
 

____ #. (2.1.2) When Alexander died in 323 BC his empire continued on without difficulty under a carefully picked successor. 

____   #. (2.1.2) When Alexander the Great died in 323 BC, he left a well defined structure in place for a successor to continue leadership over the kingdom he had conquered. 

____ #. (2.1.2) When the Greek generals divided up Alexander’s kingdom, which one initially ruled over Palestine? 

____ #. (2.1.2.2) During the Seleucid domination of Palestine many Jewish people willingly abandoned their Jewish heritage and religion in order to adopt Greek customs and religion. 

____ #. (2.2) After the Syria took control over Palestine from the Ptolemies around 200 BC, the Jewish people suffered terrible persecution in order to remain true to the Law, as is reflected in the following account.

2 Macc 7:7-9. “After the first brother had died in this way, they brought forward the second for their sport. They tore off the skin of his head with the hair, and asked him, ‘Will you eat rather than have your body punished limb by limb?’ He replied in the language of his fathers, and said to them, ‘No.’ Therefore he in turn underwent tortures as the first brother had done. And when he was at his last breath, he said, ‘You accursed wretch, you dismiss us from this present life, but the King of the universe will raise us up to an everlasting renewal of life, because we have died for his laws.’”

____ #. (2.2) Jewish young men went to great lengths to conceal their circumcision in order to participate in athletic games during the Seleucid reign in Palestine. 

____ #. (2.2) Antiochus IV decided to _____ the Jewish religion after conquering Palestine. 

____ #. (2.2) Antiochus IV inflamed Jewish anger when he sacrificed pigs on the sacred altar inside the temple in Jerusalem. 

____ #. (2.2) The reference in Mark 13:14 to ‘desolating sacrilege’ [“But when you see the desolating sacrilege set up where it ought not to be (let the reader understand), then let those who are in Judea flee to the mountains”] gains it meaning from the sacrificing of swine on the alter in the temple by Antiochus IV. 

____ #. (2.2) What is the nature of the connection between the following two references to  the ‘abomination’?

Matt. 24:15-16. “So when you see the desolating sacrilege standing in the holy place, as was spoken of by the prophet Daniel (let the reader understand), then those in Judea must flee to the mountains...”
Dan. 9:27. “He shall make a strong covenant with many for one week, and for half of the week he shall make sacrifice and offering cease; and in their place shall be an abomination that desolates, until the decreed end is poured out upon the desolator.”

a) There exists virtually no connection between the two passages.
b) Daniel 9:27 draws upon the earlier reference in Matt. 24:15-16.
c) Both passages use the sacrificing of swine in the temple by Antiochus as the  example of the most terrible violation of holy places in the coming days.

____ #. (2.2.1) The career of Jesus is bracketed by two great wars for Judah’s independence: the first, against enforced Hellenization imposed by the Syrians; the second, against the fury might of imperial Rome. 

____ #. (2.2.1) The declaration of Mattathias to the Syria soldiers at Modein echoed the sentiment of virtually all Jews in 165 BCE.

1 Macc. 2:19-22. “But Mattathias answered and said in a loud voice: ‘Even if all the nations that live under the rule of the king obey him, and have chosen to do his commandments, departing each one from the religion of his fathers, yet I and my sons and my brothers will live by the covenant of our fathers. Far be it from us to desert the law and the ordinances. We will not obey the king’s words by turning aside from our religion to the right hand or to the left.”

____ #. (2.2.1) When the Maccabean revolt broke out in 165 BC, the best known leader of the guerrilla fighters for independence was 

____ #. (2.2.2) The era of the Hasmonean leaders (142-40 BC) was a period of peace and tranquility for the Jewish people in Palestine. 

____ #. (2.2.2) The political leaders of Israel who succeeded Judas Maccabeus came to be known as the 

____ #. (2.3) The Jewish people themselves chose to call their homeland ‘Palestine’ at the outset of Roman rule there. 

____ #. (2.3) Because the Romans considered Palestine to be of paramount significance religiously, they sent their best leaders to administer Roman authority over the Jews. 

____ #. (2.3.1) Herod the Great was the Jewish political leader who threw out the Romans from Palestine in 40 BC. 

____ #. (2.3.1) Who was the reigning political leader over Palestine when Jesus was born in 4 BC? 

____ #. (2.3.1) The reign of Herod the Great was uniformly disastrous for the Jewish people. 

____ #. (2.3.1.2) Which of the sons of Herod the Great became tetrarch of the areas north and east of the Lake of Galilee ?
             a) Herod Philip                   b) Herod Antipas              c) Herod Archelaus

____ #. (2.3.1.2) Which of the sons of Herod the Great became tetrarch over Judea, Samaria, and Idumea?
             a) Herod Philip                   b) Herod Antipas              c) Herod Archelaus

____ #. (2.3.1.2) Which of the sons of Herod the Great did John the Baptizer criticize for marrying his brother’s wife?
             a) Herod Philip                   b) Herod Antipas              c) Herod Archelaus

____ #. (2.3.1.2) Which of the sons of Herod the Great presided over a part of the trial of Jesus in Jerusalem?
             a) Herod Philip                   b) Herod Antipas              c) Herod Archelaus

____ #. (2.3.1.2) Which of the sons of Herod the Great became had the shortest reign before the Romans removed him from power?
             a) Herod Philip                   b) Herod Antipas              c) Herod Archelaus

____ #. (2.3.1.2) The reign of Herod Philip lasted how long?
             a) 4 B.C.E - 34 C.E.          b) 4 B.C.E. - 39 C.E.        c) 4 B.C.E - 6 C.E.

____ #. (2.3.1.2) The reign of Herod Antipas lasted how long?
             a) 4 B.C.E - 34 C.E.          b) 4 B.C.E. - 39 C.E.        c) 4 B.C.E - 6 C.E.

____ #. (2.3.1.2) The reign of Herod Archelaus lasted how long?
             a) 4 B.C.E - 34 C.E.          b) 4 B.C.E. - 39 C.E.        c) 4 B.C.E - 6 C.E.

____ #. (2.3.2) Who was the Roman ruler whose administration shifted governmental structure from the Roman Republic to the Roman Empire? 

____ #. (2.3.2) The shift from the republic to the imperial empire brought ___ freedom and privilege to the Roman citizens. 

 ____ #. (2.3.2) During which Roman emperor’s reign did Jesus’ public ministry take place? 

____ #. (2.3.2) Who was the first Roman emperor to be worshipped as deity after his death? 

 ____ #. (2.3.2) Which Roman emperor was Paul talking about in his Letter to the Romans when he said that Christians are to obey government leaders and pray for them? 

____ #. (2.3.2) Which Roman emperor was the first emperor in the Julio-Claudian dynasty? 

____ #. (2.3.2) Which Roman emperor was the last emperor in the Flavian Dynasty? 

 ____ #. (2.3.2) Which Roman emperor was the first emperor in the brief period of chaos after Nero’s death? 

____ #. (2.3.2) Which Roman emperor was alluded to in the Book of Revelation? 

____ #. (2.3.3) Who was the Roman procurator over Judea when Jesus was crucified? 

____ #. (2.3.3) Most Roman generals eagerly sought appointment as procurator over Judea. 

____ #. (2.3.4) Through the first two Christian centuries the Jewish people in Palestine passively obeyed the Roman authorities ruling over them. 

____ #. (2.3.4.1) The Jewish revolt in the first Christian century brought about the same liberation of Palestine from foreign domination as the Maccabean revolt had two centuries previously. 

____ #. (2.3.4.1) Who was the emperor in Rome when the first Jewish War broke out in Palestine? 

____ #. (2.3.4.1) The outcome of the ____ Jewish revolt was the destruction of the temple in Jerusalem. 

____ #. (2.3.4.1) When did the Jews first rebel against the Roman domination of Palestine? 

____ #. (2.3.4.1) Which Jewish group played a major role in the first Jewish revolt against the Romans? 

____ #. (2.3.4.2) When were the Jewish people banned by the Romans from the city of Jerusalem, not to return until the 1950’s? 

____ #. (2.3.4.2) Who was the emperor in Rome when the bar Kochba Jewish revolt broke out in Palestine? 

 ____ #. (2.4) Only trained philosophers have a philosophy 

____ #. (2.4) Your ’mental grid’ through which all experiences and thoughts are filtered in order to register meaning to you is the core of your own personal philosophy. 

____ #. (2.4) Most ancient Greek philosophers lived and taught in 

____ #. (2.4) The common goal of ancient Greek philosophers was to figure out how one could find and live the best possible life. 

____ #. (2.4.1) One ancient Greek philosopher, Socrates, was so brilliant and helpful in advocating the way to a better life that the citizens of his day in Athens gave him all kinds of honors and recognition. 

____ #. (2.4.1) The ancient Greek philosopher with whom the idea of dualism is most closely associated is 

         #. (2.4.1) Briefly describe the basic idea of dualism:
 
 

____ #. (2.4.1) Plato believed that the human soul (yuchv) is created in the person by God at birth. 

____ #. (2.4.1) In Plato’s system the visible world is the real existence, because we can’t know about the existence of the invisible world. 

         #. (2.4.1) Why did the philosophers at Paul’s sermon on Mars Hill in Athens ridicule his preaching when he mentioned the resurrection? (Acts 17:16-34)
 
 

         #. (2.4.1) How does the individual gain access to the invisible world in Plato’s system?
 
 

____ #. (2.4.1) None of the New Testament writers were influenced by Platonism at all. 

____ #. (2.4.1) For Plato and his followers death was a _____ experience. 

 ____ #. (2.4.1) Death for Platonists signifies the return of the individual’s soul back to the divine Soul in eternity. 

____ #. (2.4.2) One of the key terms for Stoicism was 

____ #. (2.4.2) What is the basic goal of life in Stoicism?
          a) To achieve the highest level of virtue
          b) To avoid pain at all costs
          c) To endure either personal gain or loss with equal serenity.
 

____ #. (2.4.2) Paul’s statement in Phil. 4:11, “I have learned to be content in whatever circumstances I am,” has more in common with which of the following ancient philosophies? 

____ #. (2.4.2) Which ancient philosopher’s life almost exactly paralleled that of the apostle Paul? 

____ #. (2.4.3) What is the basic goal of life in Epicureanism?
          a) To achieve the highest level of virtue
          b) To avoid pain at all costs
          c) To endure either personal gain or loss with equal serenity.
 

____ #. (2.4.4) What is the basic goal of life in Cynicism?
          a) To achieve the highest level of virtue
          b) To avoid pain at all costs
          c) To endure either personal gain or loss with equal serenity.
 

____ #. (2.4.4) Which of the following ancient Greek philosophies would support the modern environmentalist movement? 

____ #. (2.5.2) One of the common traits of the various mystery religions was belief in a male god who went through an annual death and resurrection cycle. 

____ #. (2.5.2) The ancient mystery religions had nothing in common with early Christianity either in beliefs or worship styles. 

____ #. (2.5.2) One of the common traits of most of the mystery religions was the worship of a female goddess. 

____ #. (2.5.2) Is there any connection between the worship of the female goddess in the mystery religions and the later Christian elevation of the role of Mary, Jesus’ mother? 

____ #. (2.5.2.2.1) Which one of the ancient mystery religions was exclusively male oriented? 

____ #. (2.5.2.2.1) Which one of the ancient mystery religions became the greatest competitor to Christianity? 

____ #. (2.5.2.2.2) The cult of Isis promised initiates personal help in resolving life’s problems as well as the assurance of a happy existence after death. 

____ #. (2.5.2.2.2) The influence of the Isis cult was felt 

____  #. (2.6.1.1) The OT passage that begun the weekly sabbath synagogue service in ancient Palestine, “Hear, O Israel: The Lord is our God, the Lord alone,” is called the 

____  #. (2.6.1.1) In contrast to most of the other people groups in the ancient world, the Jewish people were ____ in their beliefs about deity. 

 ____ #. (2.6.1.1) One of the ten commandments says: “You shall not make wrongful use of the name of the Lord your God, for the Lord will not acquit anyone who misuses his name” (Ex. 20:7). How did the Jewish people apply this commandment?
          a) They passed laws against the use of profanity in public places.
          b) They used all kinds of cuss words except for those involving God’s name.
          c) They refused to even speak out loud the name of God, Yahweh.
 

____ #. (2.6.1.1) One of the major differences in the Jewish understanding of God from that of other ancient peoples was that Yahweh possesses ultimate holiness and purity. 

____ #. (2.6.1.1) In Exodus 20:5, God said to Moses, “I the Lord your God am a jealous God.”  This was understood to mean that
          a) God frequently gives in to fits of petty jealousy.
          b) God insists that his people exclusively worship him.
          c) God possesses a resentful attitude toward others.
 

____ #. (2.6.1.2) The most narrow definition of the word Torah means that it refers to
          a) The first five books of the Old Testament, the Pentateuch.
          b) All the books of the Hebrew Bible.
          c) The OT scriptures and the rabbinical traditions connected to it.
 

____ #. (2.6.1.2) The Torah established and defined the basic relation of God to the Jewish nation, which is called a covenant. 

____ #. (2.6.1.2) In the legalism of the Pharisaical religion of Jesus’ day, one’s obedience to the Torah determined one’s status in the covenant. 

____ #. (2.6.1.2) What was the primary outward activity of the Jewish people that dramatically set their religious devotion apart from the religious piety of others? 

____ #. (2.6.1.3) How important was the promised land to most Jewish people in the first century? 

____ #. (2.6.1.3) The Jewish people continuously enjoyed possession of all of the land God promised to Moses right up into Jesus’ day. 

____ #. (2.6.1.3) To which group of Jews in the first century was the promised land less important? 

____ #. (2.6.1.4) To the Jewish people, God’s command in Deut. 12:13-14, “Take care that you do not offer your burnt offerings at any place you happen to see. But only at the place that the Lord will choose in one of your tribes — there you will offer your burnt offerings and there you shall do everything I command you,” meant
          a) Legitimate sacrifices to God could only be made in the temple in Jerusalem.
          b) The Jewish people could build altars and worship God anywhere in Palestine.
          c) Multiple temples to God could be legitimately built all over Palestine as centers of worship.
 

____ #. (2.6.1.4) Herod’s temple was located in 

____ #. (2.6.1.4) All the Jewish people living close to the temple were required to be present for every service conducted in it. 

____ #. (2.6.1.4) In Jesus’ childhood years, his family had very little interest in worshipping God in the temple at Jerusalem. 

____ #. (2.6.2.1.1) Which Jewish group sought to trace its beginnings back to the high priest Zadok during the reigns of David and Solomon? 

         #. (2.6.2.1.2) Describe how the Sadducees view of scripture impacted their belief system on issues such as angels, the resurrection:
 
 

____ #. (2.6.2.1.2) The Bible so far as the Sadducees were concerned included 

____ #. (2.6.2.1.2) Which of the Jewish groups is Josephus describing in the quote below?

“The _____ hold that the soul perishes along with the body. They own no observance of any sort apart from the laws; in fact, they reckon it a virtue to dispute with the teachers of the path of wisdom that they pursue.” (Josephus, Antiquities, 8.16.4)

____ #. (2.6.2.1.3) The high priest Caiaphas who condemned Jesus to death belonged to the 

____ #. (2.6.2.1.3) Which Jewish group dominated the Sanhedrin (the Great Council)? 

____ #. (2.6.2.1.3) The Sadducees bitterly despised the presence of the Romans in Palestine. 

____ #. (2.6.2.1.3) The religious entity with which the Sadducees were closely identified was the 

         #. (2.6.2.1.3) Briefly explain why the Sadducees disappeared from Jewish life with the destruction of the temple in 70 AD.
 
 

____ #. (2.6.2.2.1) The Pharisees were the spiritual descendants of the Hasidim. 

____ #. (2.6.2.2.1) The religious group in Jesus’ day who most likely originated from the Hasidim were the 

____ #. (2.6.2.2.1) Which ancient Jewish rabbi is represented by the following quote from the Mishnah?

A man may divorce his wife, according to Deut. 24:1, “even if she spoiled a dish for him, as it is said, because he hath found some unseemly thing in her.” (Gittin, 10)

____ #. (2.6.2.2.1) Which ancient Jewish rabbi is Acts 5:33-39 alluding to?

“When they [the Sanhedrin] heard this, they were enraged and wanted to kill them [Peter and the other apostles]. But a Pharisee in the council named xxxxx, a teacher of the law, respected by all the people, stood up and ordered the men to be put outside for a short time. Then he said to them, ‘Fellow Israelite, consider carefully what you propose to do to these men. For some time ago Theudas rose up, claiming to be somebody, and a number of men, about four hundred, joined him; but he was killed, and all who followed him were dispersed and disappeared. After him Judas the Galilean rose up at the time of the census and got people to follow him; he also perished, and all who followed him were scattered. So in the present case, I tell you, keep away from these men and let them alone; because if this plan or this undertaking is of human origin, it will fail; but if it is of God, you will not be able to overthrow them — in that case you may even be found fighting against God!’”

____ #. (2.6.2.2.2) Which Jewish group is Jesus criticizing in the following quote?

“But woe to you, scribes and ______, hypocrites! For you lock people out of the kingdom of heaven. For you do not go in yourselves, and when others are going in, you stop them. Woe to you, xxxx and xxxx, hypocrites! For you cross sea and land to make a single convert, and you make the new convert twice as much a child of hell as yourselves.” (Matt. 23:13-15, NRSV)

____ #. (2.6.2.2.2) What is the body of rabbinic oral tradition that was codified in written form around 200 AD? 

 ____ #. (2.6.2.2.2) What is the body of rabbinic oral tradition that developed between 200 and 400 AD and then was codified in written form? 

         #. (2.6.2.2.2) The two basic groups of rabbinic materials that together comprise the Talmud are the ____________ and the ______________.

____ #. (2.6.2.2.2) The _____ Talmud is the longest and contains some 2.5 million words. 

         #. (2.6.2.2.2) Briefly describe why the oral tradition continued to grow and expand until it was codified in the Talmud around 400 AD.
 

____ #. (2.6.2.2.3) Which Jewish group survived the destruction of the temple and the Roman destruction of Palestine in the 70s? 

        #. (2.6.2.3) Briefly describe why the seacoast town of Jamnia became important to Judaism after the destruction of the Jewish temple in 70 AD.
 

____ #. (2.6.2.4) Which of the Jewish groups is Josephus describing in the quote below?

“The doctrine of the _____ is wont to leave everything in the hands of God. They regard the soul as immortal and believe that they ought to strive especially to draw near to righteousness. They send votive offerings to the temple, but perform their sacrifices employing a different ritual of purification. For this reason they are barred from those precincts of the temple that are frequented by all the people and perform their rites by themselves. Otherwise they are of the highest character, devoting themselves solely to agricultural labour.” (Josephus, Antiquities, 18.5)

____ #. (2.6.2.4) The discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls in 1947 has had little impact on our understanding of first century Palestine. 

____ #. (2.6.2.4.1) The Essenes had more in common religiously with the _____ than any other ancient Jewish group. 

____ #. (2.6.2.4.1) Which New Testament individual more likely had connections to the Essenes than anyone else? 

____ #. (2.6.2.4.1) One of the very distinctive traits of the Essenes was their
          a) rejection of all supernatural beliefs, such as angels, the resurrection etc.
          b) involvement in guerrilla warfare against the Romans.
          c) austere lifestyle in desert monasteries.
 

____ #. (2.6.2.4.3) The Masoretic Text (MT) of the Old Testament was discovered among the Dead Sea  Scrolls. 

____ #. (2.6.2.4.3) The collection of writings called Pseudepigrapha contain writings falsely attributed to several prominent Old Testament individuals. 

         #. (2.6.2.4.3) Match the listed Dead Sea document to the correct category from the Qumran library.

 

____ (1) Manuscripts of the Heb. Bible	a) Manual of Discipline
____ (2)  Apocryphal & pseudepigraphal	b) 1 Enoch
____ (3)  Essene commentaries on OT books	c) Scroll of Isaiah
____ (4) Documents for Essene community	d) Habakkuk commentary

____ #. (2.6.2.5) One of the earliest Zealot leaders was 

____ #. (2.6.2.5) The armed resistance of the Zealots to the Romans drew most of their manpower and resources from the Jewish aristocracy. 

____ #. (2.6.2.5) Josephus blamed the ______ for a blind nationalism that brought the Jewish nation to ruin. 

____ #. (2.6.2.5) Thanks to the Zealot failures, both armed revolution and end-of-the-world predictions were henceforth repudiated by mainstream Judaism. 

____ #. (2.6.3) The origin of messianic hope among the Jewish people stemmed from
          a) the Old Testament messianic prophecies
          b) the intertestamental Jewish apocalyptic writings
          c) the Christian gospels of the first century AD

____ #. (2.6.3) The Hebrew word hysm (mashiah) means Messiva" (Messias) which means Cristov" (Christos) which means “Annointed One.” 

____ #. (2.6.3.1) Jesus was the first Jewish teacher to claim to be the Messiah. 

        #. (2.6.3.1.1) Briefly describe how Jesus stood in comparison to other messianic pretenders regarding the political deliverer idea of the hoped-for Messiah.
 
 

____ #. (2.6.3.1.1) The messianic hope of the Essenes differed from most other views in that they expected two separate messiahs, one a political deliverer like David and the other a priestly leader who would reinstitute ‘genuine’ worship of God in the temple. 

____ #. (2.6.3.1.1) The dominant messianic hope in first century Judaism was for an individual anointed by God who would deliver the Jewish people from the oppression of the Romans. 

         #. (2.6.3.1.1) Briefly describe the significance of Psalm of Solomon 17 for studying the development of ideas about the Jewish Messiah.
 
 

____ #. (2.6.3.1.2) Jesus was the first to combine the two ideas of the messiah, the priestly and the one like David, into a single person to function as the Messiah. 

____ #. (2.6.3.1.2) Jesus’ understanding of the role of the Messiah fit closely with the dominant Jewish understanding of what the coming Messiah would be and do. 

____ #. (2.7.1) The world of Jesus was a ____ world. 

____ #. (2.7.1) Any person understands reality the same way whether the speak one or many languages. 

____ #. (2.7.1) If you had business dealings directly with the Roman government, you had to know which language?
               a) Latin                                                                      b) Greek                                                                        c) Aramaic

____ #. (2.7.1) If you were a Diaspora Jew living in Ephesus, you used which language primarily at home?
               a) Latin                                                                      b) Greek                                                                        c) Aramaic

____ #. (2.7.1) If you were a Diaspora Jew living in Ephesus, you used which language primarily publicly?
               a) Latin                                                                      b) Greek                                                                        c) Aramaic

____ #. (2.7.1) Jesus life and ministry was carried out in the context of
             a) a village economy                                                     b) a merchant economy in urban life

____ #. (2.7.1) The ministry of the apostle Paul was carried out in the context of
             a) a village economy                                                     b) a merchant economy in urban life

____ #. (2.7.1) The narrative framework of the letters and the books of Acts in the New Testament reflects
             a) a village economy                                                      b) a merchant economy in urban life

____ #. (2.7.1) Jesus grew up in a
             a)  slow paced, relatively self-reliant village economy with agriculture and fishing orientation.
             b)  the bustling urban center of Jerusalem with a merchant economy with a city life orientation

____ #. (2.7.1) Jerusalem’s chief economic asset was its Temple, which brought crowds of pilgrims at the major feasts creating economic prosperity as well as civic pride to its residents.
             a) True                                                                          b) False

____ #. (2.7.2) Scholars are fully convinced that only males received formal education in the ancient world.
             a) True                                                                           b) False

____ #. (2.7.2) Young Jewish boys in Diaspora Judaism living in the major learning centers of Alexandria and Tarsus would not only learn to read the Hebrew Torah but also would learn classical Greek rhetoric since rhetorical schools were very prevelant in those cities and were considered important even to the Jews.
             a) True                                                                          b) False

____ #. (2.7.2) Jewish boys studied the same subjects in the synagogue school as did Roman boys in their schools.
             a) True                                                                          b) False

____ #. (2.7.2) Jewish girls received almost all of their education from?
             a) their father                             b) a local rabbi                c) their mother

____ #. (2.7.3) Paul’s letter,  ___,  reflects tensions between social classes, especially the rich and poor, that were common in ancient Roman society and that had found their way into the Christian community.
              a) 1 Corinthians                        b) 1 John                        c) Romans

____ #. (2.7.3) Life as an artisan, manual laborer, or merchant in a typical ancient Roman city meant an 8 to 5, five day a week work week.
             a) True                                                                             b) False

____ #. (2.7.3) Because early Christians were mostly peasants, they met for worship usually before dawn and after sundown especially outside of Palestine because of their working hours in Greco-Roman society.j
              a) True                                                                           b) False

____ #. (2.7.4) Life for the young Jewish girl in first century Palestine offered the same opportunities for advancement as it does for young American girls today?
            a) True                                                                             b) False

____ #. (2.7.4) A Jewish girl in the first century would normally be married by the time she reached which age?
            a) 14 years                                 b) 21 years                     c) 31 years

____ #. (2.7.4) When the Jewish girl was first married, her husband would be how old?
            a) the same age as she was          b) just a little older than she was
            c) at least in his early 30s.
 

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