The Temptation of Jesus¹

S2	Matthew 4:1-11	Mark 1:12-13	Luke 4:1-13
1	4:1 Then Jesus was led by the Spirit into the wilderness to be temptedby the devil. 4:2 And he fasted forty days and forty nights3 and afterwards he was hungry.	1:12 The Spirit immediately drove him out into the wilderness. 1:13 and he was in the wilderness forty days, tempted by Satan; and he was with the wild beasts;	4:1 And Jesus, full of the Holy Spirit, returned from the Jordan, and was led by the Spirit 4:2 for forty days in the wilderness, temptedby the devil. And he ate nothing in those days; and when they were ended, he was hungry.
2	4:3 And the tempter came and said to him, "If you are the Son of God, command these stones to become loaves of bread." 4:4 But he answered, "It is written, 'Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that proceeds from the mouth of God.'"4	<==STONES TO BREAD==>	4:3 The devil said to him, "If you are the Son of God, command this stone to become bread." 4:4 And Jesus answered him, "It is written, 'Man shall not live by bread alone.'"4
3	4:5 Then the devil took him to the holy city, and set him on the pinnacle of the temple, 4:6 and said to him, "If you are the Son of God, throw yourself down; for it is written, 'He will give his angels charge of you,'5 and 'On their hands they will bear you up, lest you strike your foot against a stone.'"5 4:7 Jesus said to him, "Again it is written, 'You shall not tempt the Lord your God.'"6	<===TEMPLE KINGDOMS===>	4:5 And the devil took him up, and showed him all the kingdoms of the world in a moment of time. 4:6 and said to him, "To you I will give all this authority and their glory; for it has been delivered to me, and I give it to whom I will. 4:7 If you, then, will worship me, it shall all be yours."  4:8 And Jesus answered him, "It is written, 'You shall worship the Lord you God, and him only shall you serve.'"7
4	4:8 Again, the devil took him to a very high mountain, and showed him all the kingdoms of the world and the glory of them; 4:9 and he said to him, "All these I will give you if you will fall down and worship me."      4:10 Then Jesus said to him "Be gone, Satan! for it is written, 'You shall worship the Lord your God, and him only shall you serve.'"7	<===KINGDOMS TEMPLE===>	4:9 And he took him to Jerusalem, and set him on the pinnacle of the temple, andsaid to him, "If you are the Son of God, throw yourself down from here; 4:10 for it is written, 'He will give his angels charge of you, to guard you,'5 4:11 and 'On their hands they will bear you up, lest you strike your foot against a stone.'"5 4:12 And Jesus answered him, "It is said, 'You shall not tempt the Lord your God.'"6
5	4:11 Then the devil left him, and behold angels came and ministered to him.	and angels ministered to him.	4:13 and when the devil had ended every temptation, he departed from him until an opportune time.

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Exodus 24:18
Deuteronomy 8:3
Psalm 91:11-12
Deuteronomy 6:16
Deuteronomy 5:9; 6:13; 10:20

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Triple tradition=bold face
Double tradition=underline
Red=identical verbal correspondences
Blue=verbal correspondences with same words but different forms
Green=places where Matthew or Luke has different word order or has transposed Mark

    This system of color coding the synoptic texts is adapted from Gordon D. Fee, New Testament Exegesis: A Handbook for Students and Pastors (Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1983), 105-109. The coding is based upon the underlying Greek text, rather than an English translation, in order to be more precise.
   The importance of this procedure is defined by Fee as "you will have isolated (a) the actual amount of Mark's text reproduced by Matthew and/or Luke, and (b) the amount and kinds of variation from mark's text in either of the other Gospels."

³Taken from Exodus 24:18 (NRSV), "Moses entered the cloud, and went up on the mountain. Moses was on the mountain for forty days and forty nights."

⁴Taken from Deuteronomy 8:3 (NRSV), "He humbled you by letting you hunger, then by feeding you with manna, with which neither you nore your ancestors were acquainted, in order to make you understand that one does not live by bread alone, but by every word that comes from the mouth of the Lord."

⁵Taken from Psalm 91:11-12 (NRSV), "(11) For he will command his angels concerning you to guard you in all your ways. (12) On their hands they will bear you up, so that you will not dash your foot against a stone."

⁶Taken from Deuteronomy 6:16 (NRSV), "Do not put the Lord your God to the test, as you tested him at Massah."

⁷Taken Deuteronomy 5:9 (NRSV), "You shall not bow down to them or worship them; for I the Lord your God am a jealous God, punishing children for the iniquity of parents, to the third and fourth generation of those who reject me," Deut. 6:13 (NRSV), "The Lord your God you shall fear; him you shall serve, and by his name alone you shall swear," Deut. 10:20 (NRSV), "You shall fear the Lord your God; him alone you shall worship; to him you shall hold fast, and by his name you shall swear."

⁸These learning activities will be the basis of test questions both for quizzes and exams.